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Thursday, December 15, 2011

The Central Lower Baram Dayak Language.

"Kiput-Lelak-Narum-Miriek-Daliek-Bakong-Tutong-Berawan-Belait are spoken the similar language..& classified under LOWER BARAM DAYAK...The Sultan Brunei had asked them embraced Islam (except Berawan & a few KIPUT) were converted to MUSLIM..from that moments the SULTAN BRUNEI has conquered them & collected the TAX at LOWER BARAM."
Ethnologue- the Central Lower Baram language family:


BERAWAN 
870 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Tutoh and Baram rivers in the north. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Berawan. Dialects: BATU BLA (BATU BELAH), WEST BERAWAN, LONG PATA, LONG TERAWAN, LONG JEGAN. 


KIPUT 
(LONG KIPUT) 2,460 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast around Marudi. Not in Brunei. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, A. Dialects: KIPUT, LEMITING. Related to Narom, Lelak, Tutong 2, Belait, and Berawan. Muslim.
"The Lakiput are said to be originated from central Borneo centuries ago. The Lakiput are probably among the earliest settlers settled in the Baram River basin. Their oral tradition suggested that the early Lakiput has some link to the Brunei Sultanate. Up to the present day, names of places such as rivers and land marks are in Lakiput dialect still in use which is common to all. Like other Orang Ulu communities in Sarawak, they live in longhouse by the main river system, in their case by the Baram River, the second largest river in Sarawak after the Rajang. The Lakiput live in longhouse for those who are Christian and the others live in traditional Malay village, Kampung at Kampung Benawa, these are the Muslims converted decades ago.

There are about several thousand Lakiput at Kuala Tutoh in the Baram which is about a few hours journey by longboat from infamous Mulu National Park. Infact, it is in the same jurisdiction under one Native community leader - Penghulu. An hour cruise down river is a Muslim village of Lakiput origin but converted into Islam a number of decades ago. The majority of the Lakiput are planting paddy and a few catching fish at a nearby ox-bow lake as a mean of supplementary cash income. Kuala Tutoh is about an hour ride by an express boat from the administrative centre, Marudi. "


LELAK 
[220 (1981 Wurm and Hattori). Northeast, east of Sibuti (Dali) and the Tinjar River (Lelak). Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, North Sarawakan, Berawan-Lower Baram, Lower Baram, Central, B. Dialects: LELAK, DALI. Related to Narom, Kiput, Tutong 2, Berawan. Muslim. 


TUTONG 1 
25,000 in all countries (1981 Wurm and Hattori); 15,000 in Brunei (1995 P. Martin). Along the lower Limbang River. Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Western Malayo-Polynesian, Borneo, Northwest, Sabahan, Dusunic, Bisaya, Southern. Distinct from Tutong 2 in Baram-Tinjar Subgroup. May not be in Sarawak. 


NAROM
Narom language (sometimes spelled Narum) is a Malayo-Polynesian language of the Lower Baram branch. It is spoken by some 2,420  Narom people in Sarawak,East Malaysia, and particularly in the Miri Division and the area south of Baram River mouth. The language has two dialects.Ethnologue classifies this language in category B of the Central Lower Baram language family, along with Lelak and Tutong 2.


BELAIT
The Belait People are an ethnic group which reside mainly in the Belait district of Brunei. They are the native inhabitants of the Belait district from which the name was taken. The majority of the Belait People live in the Belait district and they are overwhelmingly Muslims. The Belait People speak the Belait language (fr), a part of the Malayo-Polynesian group of languages which is on the verge of disappearing due to lack of usage in everyday communication. Today the Belait People commonly use the Malay language, the official language of Brunei. Due to assimilation of the Malay culture and language, Belait People are often indistinguishable from the Malays. Under the Brunei Constitution, Belait People are considered as Bumiputera and thus are included as one of the seven races homogenous to Brunei. The Bruneian government considers the Belait People as of Malay orientation and thus are often categorized as 'Malays'.

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