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Showing posts with label kayan. Show all posts
Showing posts with label kayan. Show all posts

Monday, May 19, 2014

Dayak Kayan Migration into Sarawak..

Young girls show typical dress of Kayan girls.
Location: Sarawak, Borneo.
Dayak Kayan oral history places their homeland in the upper reaches of Apo Kayan River, far to the east of Brunei,across the mountains.From there , different streams of settlers moved east toward the coast, south into the watershed of the Mahakam and west into Sarawak.

The reason given for the emigration is overcrowding (Hang Nyipa 1956), and ecological degradation was advanced.In the late 1890s, the Dutch explorer Anton Nieuwenhuis found that even far up the tributaries there was no primary forest, and only clumps of secondary growth amid rank grasses (Nieuwenhuis 1901:1061).

This situation is relatively rare in central Borneo because overall population densities are so low, and it demonstrates how numerous the Kayan were when the out-migrations began,sometime in the 18th century.

They crossed the mountain chain onto the Sarawak side in Two Parties (Kayan Baram & Kayan Belaga)

Kayan Belaga( Moved into the far headwaters of the Rejang)
Kayan Baram( moved into South of the Baram Watershed)

and by 1800s, their hegemony over the indigenous peoples of the region was apparently well established.From there some moved on again into Baram about 1830.

Meanwhile,other Kayan arrived directly from the Apo Kayan (Rousseau 1990:331-2),within ashort time , a series of large Kayan Communities were established ,effectively occupying the entire middle reaches of the Baram.....SOURCE:the life of the longhouse..
SARAWAK STAMP:KAYAN GIRL & BOY (BROOKE DYNASTY)

A Kayan man and woman show traditional dress found in Sarawak.
Decorating the coffin of an aristocratic woman(Maran)-LONG AMPUNG ,Apo Kayan in 1963

The interior of a traditional Kayan house.
Location: Sarawak, Borneo.
Photographer: HARRISON W. SMITH/National Geographic Stock
 
Kayan-Dayak women 1898
Two Kayan-Dayak women busy with stringing beads.
Beads have been brought into and traded throughout insular southeast Asia for millennia and were once a significant means of exchange used as barter for spices, gold and other valuable trade goods. Since then, people from the entire region have utilized trade beads for decoration, adornment, ceremonial textiles and artifacts. The East Indies Museum has examples of tribal beadwork art from numerous island cultures of Indonesia as well as a large collection of Straits Chinese pieces from Sumatra, Singapore and Malaysia. The collection also includes some ancient glass trade beads shown as individual specimens

Kayan Ladies with Sun-Hats

young Kayan girls stretch their earlobes as a sign of beauty.
Location: Sarawak, Borneo
There used to exist a sport of wrestling among the Kayan( PAYU). In this the loincloth, as in sumo, was important, as a place to get a hold on. [ photograph by Charles Hose, ca. 1900.] 

KAYAN LONGHOUSE
                                         

Kayan people escort the Kayan chief to the banks of a river.

Kayan men perform traditional sword dance and play a reed instrument
KAYAN PARAMOUNT CHIEF IN SARAWAK 
One hero behind the moved of his own race, this portrait, is a paramount chief in Borneo. [Photo James Ritchie's book] Senator Dato' Sri Temenggong Oyong Lawai Jau QMC, MBE, PNBS, DYAM [Born 1894] was a statesman and leader who lived an exemplary life.
He did not have the opportunity to go to school, but through his exposure to the developed world he was able to take on the responsibility of stewardship.

related post:Learning-kayan-langauage-from-sarawak

Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Legend of the Kayan Borneo:Tale of Belawan Bureing.

"BELAWAN "Performance during Borneo Hornbill Festival 2011 at MATIC KL
For Keling (Male) Warrior Pageant Category.

Tale of  Belawan Bureing (Dayak Kayan mystical warrior) .This legendary half-man & half-deity  , a noble ruler with 11 wives, is dubbed the Hercules of Keliman River. He was the son of Belarik Ubong Do(the God of Thunder and Lightning)   

Inside a Kayan Long House, Borneo c1935
The tales of Belawan Bureing have entertained the Kayans of the Balui River in upper Rejang River in central Sarawak and enlivened their evenings for centuries.
The Balui River (LINK my last post)
Despite the blood and violence, the polygamy and back stabbing, the tales of Belawan Bureing ultimately centre around one universal theme - the triumph of good over evil.

Belawan Bureing was the theme of a play performed at the annual World Harvest Festival 2007.
The battle between Belawan Bureing and a young fighter Lidem Avang Kayo from longhouse Ida Avang, located along one of the tributaries of the Keliman River.

 Lidem Avang Kayo , jealous of Belawan Bureing’s fame, devised a plan to abduct the latter’s wives living in different villages with the pretence of bringing them out for a picnic.

His motive, of course, was to get Belawan Bureing out to search for his wives so that he would have the chance to challenge Belawan Bureing to a fight to show the latter how equally strong he was.

To protect himself,  Lidem Avang Kayo  wore magic armour of metal, which no knife could penetrate.

KAYAN BORNEO LONG HOUSE

When Lidem Avang Kayo and his entourage arrived at Belawan Bureing’s longhouse to invite his 11th wife to join his other wives for the picnic, Belawan Bureing pretended to invite all of them to a lunch and entertain them with payu(wrestling) matches.
Payu(traditional kayan  wrestling)

While they were having a great time, Lidem and his men were suddenly attacked by Belawan Bureing’s women with knives which they had hidden in tapey kanen (rice wrapped in leaves) as instructed. Before long,   Lidem Avang Kayo found out that his men were all dead.
Kayan Dish:Tapey kanen (rice wrapped in leaves) 

Then alone, and not ready to surrender,   Lidem Avang Kayo  jumped up and challenged Belawan Bureing.

Realising that  Lidem Avang Kayo was protected by the magic armour, Belawan Bureing asked his father Belarik Ubong Do for help. Belarik poured down metal from the sky in a giant rice winnow but these were broken against Lidem’s suit.
Orang Ulu warrior costume(with suit of war)
When that failed,  Belarik Ubong Do sent a kabong – a cloth container in which suits of war are placed.

Belarik Ubong Do created fire in the container and Lidem Avang Kayo’s suit melted after he was captured in it.

When told the devastating news that Lidem Avang Kayo and his men were dead, Bua Benyi, a noble lady who was once married to Belawan Bureing and bore him two sons, offered to help as she knew of Belawan Bureing’s power to resurrect the dead.

Bua Benyi promised to return the magical tuvong anit kejurong (a beduk drum), a drinking glass which offers limitless tuak (home-brewed rice wine) and a container which has a bottomless supply of rice, to her former husband if he brought Lidem and his men back to life.

Tuak (home-brewed rice wine)

She took the three precious items from Belawan Bureing when he divorced her.

Very pleased to have his grandfather’s possessions brought back to him, Belawan Bureing pointed his metal knife to heaven, and asked his father for power to put life into the dead bodies.

In a flash of lighting and a loud clap of thunder, power from heaven went through the knife, which Belawan Bureing then placed on Lidem Avang Kayo and all the dead men. Slowly, they all came back to life.

Belawan Bureing’s wives, together with Lidem Avang Kayo ’s and Belawan Bureing’s men, then made peace with the mela (a prayer ceremony). Everybody rejoiced and celebrated as the play came to an end.

from Left:Berawan,Kelabit ,Lun Bawang.
BELAWAN ORANG ULU  MIRI 2011
(Orang Ulu category for Dayak Male
Warrior Pageant)in Sarawak during
Harvest Festival.
Source:The Star

Friday, August 5, 2011

Learning Kayan Language from Sarawak,Borneo.

INTRODUCTION-
Kayan phrasebook
Kayan (Malay: Bahasa Kayan, Kayan: Dahun Kayan) is the language spoken in Ulu Baram area in Marudi district, which is a part of the Miri division ofSarawak, Malaysia and Kalimantan,Indonesia. Kayan is one of the languages that belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family group. It is one of the minority languages in Malaysia and Indonesia. Kayan is spoken by the Kayan tribe and it is partially intelligable with Kenyah language.There are two distinct dialects of Kayan,which is Kayan Baram and Kayan Rejang. Together with the tribes of Kenyah, Kelabit, Sa'ban, Lun Bawang and Penan, they were grouped together as Orang Ulu tribe. Some non-Kayan people may understand the Kayan language as well. Kayan is spoken by about 30,000 speakers, both in Sarawak, Malaysia and the Kalimantan region of Indonesia.

Pronunciation guide
Kayan is an easy language to learn.Kayan language contains a lot of loanword from Malay,English,Chinese,Iban and many other local languages.There's no tones and gender to be observed in daily conversation with the Kayans.Note that in Malaysia,the Kayan Baram and Kayan Rejang dialect is nearly unintelligable with each other.Generally,Kayan would be referred to as Kayan Baram.This phrasebook is dedicated solely to Kayan Baram dialect.

Basics

Hello. 
Kenun dengah. (ka-NOON-dunk-AH )
Hello. (informal
Nun dengah. (NOON-dunk-AH )
How are you? 
Sayu ka ika' ya? ( ?)
Fine, thank you. 
Sayu ka akui,. ( )
What is your name? 
Kenun aran ka du? ( ?)
My name is ______ . 
______ aran kui. ( _____ .)
Nice to meet you. 
Sayu kenep deng pepsuk dahim. ( )
Please. 
Tulung. ( )
Thank you. 
Trimak kasih/Sayu kenep men ikak/ikam lim/kelo. ( )
You're welcome. 
Sayu kenep ka mn ika lahuh. ( )
Yes. 
Ie. ( )
No. 
Nusik/Usik. ( )
Excuse me. (begging pardon
Akei asi. ( )
I'm sorry. 
Akei asi kui. ( )
Goodbye 
Pepsuk la'an. ( )
Goodbye (informal
Bai. ( )
I can't speak name of language [well]. 
Nusi kui jam/haman duan dahun Kayan[lan-lan ]. ( [ ])
Do you speak English? 
Jam ika' duan dahun urang puti du? ( ?)
Is there someone here who speaks English? 
Tek hi hi hak inih jam duan dahun urang puti du? ( ?)
Help! 
Tulung! ( !)
Look out! 
Jaga! ( !)
Good morning. 
Selamet jehima. ( )
Good evening. 
Selamet ngedau. ( )
Good night. 
Selamet malem. ( )
Good night (to sleep
Selamet malem. ( )
I don't understand. 
Nusi kui jam. ( )
Where is the toilet? 
Ha' hino' jaben du? ( ?)


Problems


Leave me alone. 
Meng kasau akui. (...)
Get lost! 
Lap im! ("...")
Don't touch me! 
Meng gem akui! (...)
I'll call the police. 
Akui seng bara pulis anih. (...)
Police! 
Pulis! (...)
Help! 
Tulung! ("...")
Stop! Rapist! 
Meng lap! Kelunan buling ketamak! ("...")
Stop! Thief! 
Meng lap! Kelunan nakau! (...)
I need your help. 
Akui pelu lan ikak tulung akui. (...)
It's an emergency. 
Hen dekaya anih..mesti salet. (...)
I'm lost. 
Lingok kui. (...)
I lost my bag. 
Padek beg kui. (...)
I lost my wallet. 
Padek beg sin kui. (...)
I'm sick. 
Perah kui. (...)
I feel dizzy. 
Perah kahung kui. ("...")
I've been injured. 
Ga' kui. (...)
I'm bleeding. 
Daha kui. ("...")
I need to see a doctor. 
Akui pelu jupak duktun. (...)
Can I use your phone? 
Deng akui pakei/pijam telifon ika' ya? (...)

Numbers

Kusung
Ji
Duak
Telok
Pat
Limak
Nem
Tusu
Sayak
Pitan
10 
Pulu
11 
Puli ji
12 
Pulu duak
13 
Pulu telok
100 
Ji atuh
110 
Ji atuh pulu
111 
Ji atuh pulu ji
1,000 
Ji libuk
10,000 
Pulu libuk
11,000 
Pulu ji libuk
100,000 
Ji atuh libuk
1,000,000 
Ji juta
10,000,000 
Pulu juta
100,000,000 
Ji atuh juta
1,000,000,000 
Ji biliun / Ji libuk juta
number _____ (car, bus,house etc.
(kelita', bes,uma ) lubun _____ (...)
half 
ji hunang (...)
less 
kurang (...)
more 
lebih (...)
roughly (more or less) 
lebih kurang

Time


now 
kerei nih (...)
later 
na'a (...)
before 
em pian (...)
after 
uh / uh anih (...)
morning 
jehima
afternoon 
belua dau
evening 
levi
night 
malem


Clock time


one o'clock AM 
pukun ji jehima (...)
two o'clock AM 
pukun dua' jehima (...)
noon 
belua dau (...)
one o'clock PM 
pukun ji levi (...)
two o'clock PM 
pukun dua' levi (...)
midnight 
belua malem (...)


Duration


_____ second(s) 
_____ siken (SEE-khen)
_____ minute(s) 
_____ minit (MI-nit)
_____ hour(s) 
_____ jam (jahm)
_____ day(s) 
_____ dau (DHAW)
_____ week(s) 
_____ migu (MEE-goo)
_____ month(s) 
_____ bulan (BOO-lahn)
_____ year(s) 
_____ duman (dhu-MAHN)
_____ hour(s) and _____ minute(s) 
If the minute is in numbers, _____jam _____ minit. If the minute is expressed as a fraction of the hour e.g two and a half hour: dua jam ji unang.
Days
today 
dau anih (...)
yesterday 
dahlem
the day before yesterday 
dahlem dahlem dih / dau em pian men dahlem dih
tomorrow 
jima
the day after tomorrow 
jima jima / jima atih / dua' dau la'an
three days after today 
telo dau la'an
this week 
migu anih
last week 
migu areh
next week 
migu atih
Sunday 
Dau Migu / Dau Tusu
Monday 
Dau Ji
Tuesday 
Dau Dua'
Wednesday 
Dau Telo'
Thursday 
Dau Pat
Friday 
Dau Lima'
Saturday 
Dau Nem

Months

January 
Bulan Ji
February 
Bulan Dua'
March 
Bulan Telo'
April 
Bulan Pat
May 
Bulan Lima'
June 
Bulan Nem
July 
Bulan Tusu
August 
Bulan Saya'
September 
Bulan Pitan
October 
Bulan Pulu
November 
Bulan Pulu Ji
December 
Bulan Pulu Dua'
Writing time
1.00 
pukun ji
1.01 
pukun ji ,ji minit
1.15 
pukun ji ,pulu lima minit
1.20 
pukun ji ,dua' pulu minit
1.30 
pukun ji ji unang / pukun ji telo' pulu minit
1.40 
pukun ji pat pulu minit
1.45 
pukun ji pat pulu lima' minit / Pulu lima' minit jeleng pukun dua'
As in Malay,the hours are written from zero to 12. So 06.00 PM is written as 6.00PM.

Date
First one should write the day, after that the month and then the year,as in Malay
September 3rd 1986 
3hb September 1986 : 03/09/1986 ; 3/9/1986

Colors

Kayan have limited names for color.For example the word "Nyemit" can mean either blue,yellow or green.
black 
pitem (')
white 
puti (POO-te)
red 
bela (')
blue 
nyemit lagit (')
yellow 
nyemit (')
green 
nyemit uro' (')
orange 
urin (')
purple 
nyemit uvek lan / papel (')
brown 
lah tana(')

Transportation

Bus and train

How much is a ticket to _____? 
Kuri legah tiket tei ha' _____? (')
I want to buy one ticket to _____. 
Akui ngenep bele' ji tiket tei ha' _____. (')
Where does this car/bus go? 
Kelita' / Bes anih tei ha' ino' du? (')
Where is the car/bus to _____? 
Ha' ino' kui deng ala kelita'/bes tei ha' _____ du? (...)
Does this car/bus stop in _____? 
Tren/bes anih ngeta' ha'_____ du? (...)
What time does the car/bus leave for _____? 
Pukun kuri kelita'/bes anih leka' tei ha' _____ du? (...)
When will this car/bus arrive in _____? 
Pukun kuri kelita' / bes anih ateng ha' _____ du? (...)

Directions

How do I get to _____ ? 
Nuno seng tei ha'_____ ? (...)
...the bus station? 
...padang bes?
...the airport? 
...padang bilun? (...)
...downtown? 
...pasen? (...)
...______ house
... uma ________ ? (...)
Where are there a lot of... 
Ha' ino' te' kahum... (...)
...hotels? 
...hutil / ngavan melo'? (...)
...restaurants? 
...kedei kuman? (...)
...sites to see? 
...ngavan aleng sayu en lawat / nyineng / tei? (...)
Please show me on the map. 
Nujo' men akui ha' kelatet anih. (')
street 
alan (...)
Turn left. 
Tei pedah ta'o. (...)
Turn right. 
Tei pedah hulei. (...)
left 
ta'o (...)
right 
hulei (...)
straight ahead 
tutau (...)
towards the _____ 
jeleng _____ (...)
past the _____ 
lipes _____ (...)
before the _____ 
em pian _____ (...)
Watch for the _____. 
Nyineng _____. (...)
intersection 
sipang (...)


akui - aku
ika - kamu, awak
kuman - makan
du'e - minum
tu'do - tidur
kanen - nasi
da'pi - lauk
uro'k - sayur
masik - ikan
buhup - buku
basong - baju
hadau - lupa
dengah - berita
panau - jalan
usu - tangan
kudek - kaki
hiling - telinga
butit - perut
buk - rambut
hulo'k - kuku
uli - balik, pulang
kesing - ketawa
ngeli'em - senyum
nun dengah? - apa khabar?
tei hino'k ika? - mana kamu pergi?
nei nah hinih - datang sini
meng bu'nget - jgn marah

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